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The Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) is a test of machine intelligence proposed by Hector Levesque, a computer scientist at the University of Toronto. Designed to be an improvement on the Turing test, it is a multiple-choice test that employs questions of a very specific structure: they are instances of what are called Winograd Schemas, named after Terry Winograd, a professor of computer science at Stanford University. On the surface, Winograd Schema questions simply require the resolution of anaphora: the machine must identify the antecedent of an ambiguous pronoun in a statement. This makes it a task of natural language processing, but Levesque argues that for Winograd Schemas, the task requires the use of knowledge and commonsense reasoning. Nuance Communications announced in July 2014 that it would sponsor an annual WSC competition, with a prize of $25,000 for the best system that could match human performance.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140728005207/en/Nuance-Announces-Winograd-Schema-Challenge-Advance-Artificial#.VF_SHIfXmRs )〕 == History == The Winograd Schema Challenge was proposed in the spirit of the Turing Test. Proposed by Alan Turing in 1950, the Turing Test plays a central role in the philosophy of artificial intelligence. Turing proposed that instead of debating what intelligence is, the science of AI should be concerned with demonstrating intelligent behavior, which can be tested. But the exact nature of the test Turing proposed has come under scrutiny, especially since an AI chat box named Eugene was claimed to pass it in 2014. The Winograd Schema Challenge was proposed in part to ameliorate the problems that came to light with the nature of the programs that performed well on the test. Turing's original proposal was what he called the Imitation Game, which involves free-flowing, unrestricted conversations in English between human judges and computer programs over a text-only channel (such as teletype). In general, the machine passes the test if interrogators are not able to tell the difference between it and a human in a five-minute conversation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Winograd Schema Challenge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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